Philip Larkin, a renowned English
poet, approached the topic of religion with a distinct attitude of skepticism
and doubt, as seen in his poems "Church Going" and
"MCMXIV." While Larkin acknowledged the historical and cultural
significance of religion, his exploration of these themes reveals a critical
perspective on the declining influence of organized religion in modern society.
In "Church Going,"
Larkin contemplates the purpose and relevance of religion in an increasingly
secular world. The poem's speaker enters an empty church and explores its
physical aspects, such as the architecture and religious artifacts. Larkin
captures a sense of detachment and uncertainty, questioning the significance of
the church and its rituals. The speaker's skepticism is evident in lines such
as, "And what remains when disbelief has gone?" Here, Larkin implies
that as religious faith diminishes, the role of the church becomes less clear.
Larkin's critical attitude
towards religion is also reflected in his depiction of the decline of religious
attendance. The poem describes the "cryptic" signs of dwindling
congregations, suggesting that fewer people are turning to religious
institutions for guidance or solace. Larkin's use of imagery and language, such
as "a few thousand backsides" and "and at the end, / The ruin of
a farm," conveys a sense of desolation and decay associated with the
waning influence of religion.
Similarly, in "MCMXIV,"
Larkin explores the theme of religion in the context of World War I. The poem
portrays the loss of innocence and the shattered illusions of the pre-war era.
Larkin describes a time when people gathered in public spaces, seemingly
unaware of the impending devastation. The poem emphasizes the contrast between
the idealized past and the harsh realities of war.
In relation to religion,
"MCMXIV" suggests that the war led to a questioning of traditional
beliefs and values. Larkin describes a war memorial as a "place of
workship" where people gather to honor the fallen. However, the poem
subtly implies that this act of remembrance has become a substitute for
religious faith. The lines, "names in alphabets of steel / … as if their
final bargains were made in clubs," hint at the notion that commemoration
has replaced religious devotion, and the church no longer provides solace in
times of tragedy.
While Larkin's attitude towards
religion can be seen as critical, it is important to note that his exploration
of the topic is complex and nuanced. He does not outright dismiss the role of
religion in society but raises questions about its relevance and the changing
values of modernity. Larkin's skepticism reflects a broader cultural shift
towards secularism and the declining influence of organized religion.
In conclusion, Larkin's attitude
towards religion, as depicted in "Church Going" and
"MCMXIV," is characterized by skepticism, doubt, and a critical
exploration of its diminishing significance. Through his poetry, Larkin
questions the purpose and relevance of religious institutions in modern society,
reflecting a broader societal shift towards secularism. While acknowledging the
historical and cultural importance of religion, Larkin's poems reveal his
contemplation of the decline of religious faith and the shifting values of the
contemporary world.
